Millions of people around the world
suffer from depression, which ranges from short-lived emotional responses to
something as severe as suicide, positioning the mental disease as the leading
cause of disability worldwide and a dire global health concern.
While recommended depression
treatment options range from psychosocial support combined with antidepressant
medication or psychotherapy, scientists are seeking new, rapid-acting and more
effective treatments than those currently offered in the marketplace.
The World Health Organization (WHO)
estimates that globally 350 million people suffer from depression, prompting
the organization in 2012 to call for a comprehensive, coordinated response to
metal disorders at a country level. The WHO’s Mental Health Gap Action
Programme (mhGAP) aims to help countries utilize proper care, psychosocial
assistance and medication to increase services for people with mental,
neurological and substance abuse disorders.
Here in the states, the U.S. National
Institutes of Health (NIH) has conducted clinical trials of ketamine, an
FDA-approved anesthetic and adversely used street drug, as a potential
antidepressant. While ketamine demonstrates the ability to rapidly alleviate
symptoms of depression – compared to current treatments which can take weeks
before any therapeutic benefit is achieved – widespread clinical use of
ketamine is severely limited due to its high risk for abuse and behavioral
impairment, hallucinogenic and schizophrenic-like side effects, and
inconvenient intravenous administration in a medical center.
Still, ketamine’s astounding
antidepressant benefits have motivated biopharmaceutical companies like
VistaGen Therapeutics to aggressively pursue a breakthrough new generation of
depression medications.
VistaGen is developing AV-101, a
novel, potent and orally- active NMDA receptor (NMDAR) glycine-binding site
antagonist. In preclinical studies involving the NIH, AV-101 achieved the
fast-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine – but AV-101 greatly differed in
that it did not induce the adverse and psychosis-like side effects associated
with ketamine and other classic NMDAR channel blockers.
In mid-February 2015, VistaGen broke
ground and entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement
(CRADA) with the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the
NIH. Per the CRADA, VistaGen and the NIMH will collaborate on an NIH-sponsored
phase 2 clinical study of AV-101 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the
drug candidate in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD). The study is
expected to begin in the first half of this year.
VistaGen isn’t leaving much room for
mistakes. The company recently welcomed key opinion leader Gerard Sanacora PhD,
MD, professor of Psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and director of the
Yale Depression Research Program, to its Clinical and Scientific Advisory
Board. Dr. Sanacora will collaborate with VistaGen to focus on phase 2 and
phase 3 clinical development of AV-101 in MDD.
In addition to depression, VistaGen
is also pursuing applications of AV-101 for other indications involving the
central nervous system, including chronic neuropathic pain, epilepsy and
neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease. The
WHO’s invigorated push for a new approach to depression treatment, however,
along with the NIH’s willingness to fully-sponsor the impending Phase 2
clinical study, validates VistaGen’s primary focus of advancing AV-101’s
potential as a revolutionary antidepressant for the millions globally who are
inadequately served by current medications.
For more information, visit
www.vistagen.com
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